Manifest Destiny

.The Manifest Destiny's origin comes from a man named John L. O'Sullivan, (1813-1895)in the 19th century

.The Manifest Destiny is the American god given right to process and spread their ideas to different places

.Manifest Destiny was the slogan and phrase used by those who were supporting the campaign for the annexation of the western territories to express an idea that the United States was destined to expand from coast to coast. The period that was represented by this idea was the mid 19th century

."Other nations have tried to check... the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions."-John L. O'Sullivan

Trails West

They moved west :
.For gold

.They wanted free land

.They had poor living in the east

.They needed a new start

The three main trails that led to the west

.Lewis and Clark trail

.Oregon trail

.California trail

How did the mormons make the land in utah productive

.Hard labour

.communitarian system of irrigation

Information

.Who are the mountain men?
Mountain men were trappers and explorers who roamed the North American Rocky Mountains

.What is the Santa Fe trail
"The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Franklin, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico."

.What is the Oregon trail
The Oregon Trail is a 2000-mile historic east-west wagon route and imigrant trail that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon

.What is the mormon trail
"The Mormon Trail or Mormon Pioneer Trail is the 1,300 mile route that members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints traveled from 1846 to 1868"

.What are pioneer woman
They are woman that migrate into a new country

Pictures

Jedediah smith mountain man





Jim Beckwourth as an African American who played a major role in the early exploration and settlement of the American West



Brigham Young was the longest serving President of the LDS Church in history.


"remembered for being the daughter of Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton and the wife of military officer, explorer and politician, John C. Frémont, she wrote many stories that were printed in popular magazines of the time as well as several books of historical" value




Trails West

Texas Revolution

Why were the Texans unhappy with the Mexicans
. The Mexican Government refused to allow the practice of slavery

Why were the battles of the Alamo and San Jacinto important to the Texas revolution
. by delaying Santa Anna's army in San Antonio, it enabled Sam Houston to gather and prepare a larger army which was able to defeat the Mexicans at San Jacinto and win Texas's independence a few weeks later

Mexican independence
.The Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821) was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16, 1810

The Alamo
."the Battle of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an assault on the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, USA). All but two of the Texian defenders were killed. Santa Anna's perceived cruelty during the battle inspired many Texians—both Texas settlers and adventurers from the United States—to join the Texian Army. Buoyed by a desire for revenge, the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, ending the revolution."

The Lone Star Republic
.It is from Texas
.It stood alone

Tejanos
."Tejano or Texano (Spanish for "Texan") is a term used to identify a Texan of criollo spanish or Mexican heritage"

Stephen Fuller Austin(1793-1836)Known as "The Father of Texas," Stephen F. Austin established the first Anglo-American colony in the Tejas province of Mexico and saw it grow into an independent republic.

Antonio López de Santa Anna(1794-1876)The dominant figure in Mexican politics for much of the 19th century, Antonio López de Santa Anna left a legacy of disappointment and disaster by consistently placing his own self-interest above his duty to the nation.

Sam Houston(1793-1863)A sometimes volatile and often contradictory man, Sam Houston played a crucial role in the founding of Texas

"God and Texas -- Victory or Death!"
-- William Travis, March 3, 1836 ." William Barret Travis (August 1, 1809 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American lawyer and soldier. At the age of 26, he was a lieutenant colonel in the Texas Army. He died at the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution".

Juan Seguin(1806-1890)In a life that spanned both sides of the Rio Grande, Juan Seguin knew both the adulation of a Texas hero and the anguish of a tejano forced to live among his former enemies.

"1836 Texas Revolution campaigns"

War with Mexico

What ares did the United States gain as a result of americans' belief in manifest destiny
.California,Nevada, Utah,most of Arizona,and parts of New Mexico, Colorado,Wyoming and Texas

What links the bear flag revolt to the war with Mexico
.A very small number of people declared themselves a Republic when the Mexican American War began. They were never recognised by any Nation.

What lands did the United States acquire as a result of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
.The states conquered where California, Nevada, Arizona New Mexico, and Colorado. all formerly owned by Mexico.

The Mexican Cession
"the Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the present day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, but had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas Annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified Texas's southern and western boundary."

The Gadsden Purchase
.Gadsden Purchase of 1853The Mesilla Valley, along the Rio Grande about 75 miles north of El Paso, was the most practical southern route for a railroad to the Pacific Ocean. U.S. President Franklin Pierce wished to secure this land to fulfill railroad expansion in the west. In order to do so, Pierce and the American minister to Mexico, James Gadsden, orchestrated the Gadsden Purchase.

James Knox Polk was the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849). Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina

Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States (1849–1850) and an American military leader

Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786 – May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852


Between 1846 and 1848, two neighbors, the United States and Mexico, went to war.

The California Gold Rush

Who were the four groups of people who became 49ers
.The four groups were Americans, Chinese, Native Americans, and Mexicans

What were three ways California changed because or the gold rush
.Spanish government pushed out, became a US territory then state

.Rampant erosion from hydraulic mining.

.Population increased rapidly

Californios
"Californio (historic and regional Spanish for "Californian") is a term used to identify a Spanish-speaking, mostly Roman Catholic people, regardless of race, born in California before 1848."

The Gold Rush
.The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.The gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (as a reference to 1849), often faced substantial hardships on the trip

The 49ers
. Americans, Chinese, Native Americans, and Mexicans who digged for gold

The Chinese
The discovery of gold in California attracted miners from diverse backgrounds, all with the goal of striking it rich

Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (4 July 1807 – 18 January 1890) was a Californian military commander, politician, and rancher

"Johann August Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880) was a Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, the state's capital. Although famous throughout California for his association with the Gold Rush, Sutter died almost poor, having seen his business ventures fail while those of his elder son, John Augustus Sutter, Jr., were more successful."

James Edward Marshall (October 10, 1942 – October 13, 1992), who also wrote as Edward Marshall, was a children's author and illustrator

California gold rush